Biology
Dr. Manjunatha Thondamal
University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester NY
Dietary restriction (DR) increases healthspan and longevity in many species, including primates, but it is often accompanied by impaired reproductive function. Whether signals associated with the reproductive system contribute to or are required for DR effects on lifespan has not been established. In my doctoral thesis at Dr Hugo Aguilaniu’s lab, I have shown that expression of DAF-9/CYP27A1 and production of the steroid hormone â��7-dafachronic acid (DA) are increased in C. elegans subjected to DR. DA signaling through the non-canonical nuclear hormone receptor NHR-8/NHR and the nutrient-responsive kinase let-363/mTOR is essential for DR-mediated longevity. Steroid signaling also affects germline plasticity in response to nutrient deprivation and this is required to achieve lifespan extension. Results from genome-wide analysis demonstrate that steroid signaling is activated by nutrient scarcity and is required for DR effects on lifespan extension through TOR signaling. In the absence of proper steroid signaling, let-363/mTOR levels remain high during starvation and the number of germ cells within the proliferative zone of the germ line is no longer affected by nutrient availability. Interestingly, genetic reduction of germ cells alleviates the requirement for steroid signaling for DR-mediated lifespan extension. Genetically lowering the germ cell count mimics the response of the germ line to DR. These data demonstrate that steroid signaling links germline physiology to lifespan when nutrients are limited, and establish a central role for let-363/mTOR in integrating signals derived from nutrients and steroid hormones. We speculate that germline reduction induces a signal that is usually emitted when nutrients are scarce and the germ line becomes less active. Taken together, our research work suggests that, diet-induced lifespan extension is part of a coordinated response that involves reproductive phenotypes.
